Metaphorisches Denken im Bild statt visual metaphor

Zum Nutzen kognitiver Metaphertheorie für die kunsthistorische Praxis

Abstract

Across the disciplines, numerous approaches can be identified that seek to define visual metaphor as a formal constellation. In contrast, historical art images are full of metaphors which cannot be reduced to a small number of semiotic operations. The present article, informed by the practice of art history, argues for the use of a cognitively founded concept of metaphor, on the basis of which various levels and types of metaphors can be identified within the image and described in their variable relationship to the given representation. Using examples based on the classic metaphor of the lion and two premodern representations of disasters, the potential diversity of the metaphors involved will be shown, and placed in a productive relationship with the concepts of the symbol and metonymy. The article demonstrates that the pragmatic cognitive approach also allows the retracing of cultural interconnections beyond the individual image, and substantive discussion of questions of impact.